10 steps to improving your credit score

1. Pay off or pay down your credit cards. However, do not consolidate your credit cards or close accounts. Pay them off or down, but keep the accounts open. Length of established credit is one of the criteria that affects your credit. Longer is better.

2. Make payments on time, every time, even if it is just minimum payments. Responsible credit behavior over time is what the credit agencies want to see. It will take about 2 years of consistent effort to improve a poor payment history. Collections, judgements and other such actions will take about 7 years to age completely off your credit report. Two years of responsible credit behavior, however, should be enough to go from bad credit to reasonably good credit.

3. Your FICO score depends in in part on the percentage of available credit used. In this post by Ardell, she explains how the percentage of used credit affects your score. This is important information. Basically, for every 10% of your available credit that you use, you will lose 10 points on your FICO score. That means 50% of available credit used costs you 50 points--depending on your score this could mean the difference between "A" credit, and sub-prime. Paying off or paying down your credit card will make a substantial difference in your score.

4. Don't open a lot of new accounts at once, and don't make a lot of credit inquiries (such as on purchases of cars, boats and homes where your credit report will be "pulled") within a short period of time. These will affect your score negatively.

5. If you are having trouble making ends meet, call your creditors and see if there is a way to work out a payment schedule or lower your payments. You can also meet with a credit counselor, but make sure they are a legitimate credit counseling agency. If you're wondering how to know whether a credit counselor is legitimate or not, read this article from the Federal Trade Commission.

6. If shopping rates for a new loan, do your rate shopping within a short period of time. This will tip off the scoring system that your rate shopping is for a single loan, rather than several and it will have less of a negative impact on your score.

7. When checking your own credit, the best way to keep the inquiry off your credit score is to order your credit report directly from the credit scoring agencies. Lenders will often be willing to pull your credit report for free but be aware that it does show up as a loan inquiry on your credit.

8. Don't open new cards just to have additional credit, or thinking that this will have a positive effect on your ratio of used to available credit. Using credit responsibly means using it only as necessary and not getting overextended with your credit.

9. Keep your balances as low as possible. Yes, this is basically a reiteration of the point about paying down your balance and using credit as little as possible, but the higher your balance, the lower your score will be. The very best credit behavior is to pay off your balance every month.

10. Use credit, but use it responsibly. Credit scores treat someone with no or very little credit history as a higher risk than someone who has shown they are able to have credit and use it responsibly. So, it's not necessary to close your accounts or try to live a credit-free life, you simply need to remember that your credit score reflects the credit establishment's assessment of your past handling of credit, and the likelihood based on your past credit behavior that you will pay back your obligations on time. If you treat your credit responsibly over time, you will have demonstrated to lenders that you are a good risk. This takes time, but is worth the effort.