10 steps to improving your credit score

1. Pay off or pay down your credit cards. However, do not consolidate your credit cards or close accounts. Pay them off or down, but keep the accounts open. Length of established credit is one of the criteria that affects your credit. Longer is better.

2. Make payments on time, every time, even if it is just minimum payments. Responsible credit behavior over time is what the credit agencies want to see. It will take about 2 years of consistent effort to improve a poor payment history. Collections, judgements and other such actions will take about 7 years to age completely off your credit report. Two years of responsible credit behavior, however, should be enough to go from bad credit to reasonably good credit.

3. Your FICO score depends in in part on the percentage of available credit used. In this post by Ardell, she explains how the percentage of used credit affects your score. This is important information. Basically, for every 10% of your available credit that you use, you will lose 10 points on your FICO score. That means 50% of available credit used costs you 50 points--depending on your score this could mean the difference between "A" credit, and sub-prime. Paying off or paying down your credit card will make a substantial difference in your score.

4. Don't open a lot of new accounts at once, and don't make a lot of credit inquiries (such as on purchases of cars, boats and homes where your credit report will be "pulled") within a short period of time. These will affect your score negatively.

5. If you are having trouble making ends meet, call your creditors and see if there is a way to work out a payment schedule or lower your payments. You can also meet with a credit counselor, but make sure they are a legitimate credit counseling agency. If you're wondering how to know whether a credit counselor is legitimate or not, read this article from the Federal Trade Commission.

6. If shopping rates for a new loan, do your rate shopping within a short period of time. This will tip off the scoring system that your rate shopping is for a single loan, rather than several and it will have less of a negative impact on your score.

7. When checking your own credit, the best way to keep the inquiry off your credit score is to order your credit report directly from the credit scoring agencies. Lenders will often be willing to pull your credit report for free but be aware that it does show up as a loan inquiry on your credit.

8. Don't open new cards just to have additional credit, or thinking that this will have a positive effect on your ratio of used to available credit. Using credit responsibly means using it only as necessary and not getting overextended with your credit.

9. Keep your balances as low as possible. Yes, this is basically a reiteration of the point about paying down your balance and using credit as little as possible, but the higher your balance, the lower your score will be. The very best credit behavior is to pay off your balance every month.

10. Use credit, but use it responsibly. Credit scores treat someone with no or very little credit history as a higher risk than someone who has shown they are able to have credit and use it responsibly. So, it's not necessary to close your accounts or try to live a credit-free life, you simply need to remember that your credit score reflects the credit establishment's assessment of your past handling of credit, and the likelihood based on your past credit behavior that you will pay back your obligations on time. If you treat your credit responsibly over time, you will have demonstrated to lenders that you are a good risk. This takes time, but is worth the effort.

Your credit score

Following on the tails of last week's post about lease-option purchases, I wanted to say a few things about credit scoring and what to do if you are thinking of buying a home but are faced with credit challenges.


The first and most important thing you can do, is sit down and get a full understanding of your situation. People are very funny about their credit. Some people with clean credit think that they have terrible credit (they were late with a payment once, 5 years ago, and think that the lender will never forgive them for it!). Other people have terrible credit and are completely oblivious. But one thing I've noticed is that when people have credit problems, they are sometimes so afraid of what they will find on their credit report that they choose not to find out what their situation is by getting a copy of their credit report.

This is like thinking you have AIDS and not getting an AIDS test. Realize that getting a copy of the test, or your credit report will at worst confirm your suspicions. Best case scenario is that you find out you were worried for no reason.


Anyway, it's important to face the music about this. Only when you understand the problem can you create a plan to solve it, and only with a plan can you put this problem in your past. This is about gaining control of your financial life, and the fact that you have bad credit is not an indictment of you as a person. I'm not sure that it's fair to say that everyone has had credit problems, but certainly, there are many people out there who have faced these problems and successfully put them in the past.


So, the first thing you should do is get your hands on a copy of your credit report. Sometimes if you are really upfront with a lender about your situation and tell them that you want to work on your issues, they will pull a copy of your credit for you at no charge. If you are not comfortable with sharing this information with anyone else, you can also order your credit reports from MyFico.com for about $16 dollars.


Go ahead and order reports from all three credit bureaus--Experian, Equifax and Transnation. It sometimes happens that things show up on one bureau but not on another. At this point, you want to know everything, so get a report from each bureau.


Now that you have the reports, you need to understand how your credit score affects you. First thing to know is that your lender is going to qualify you based on your middle score. That is, if you have scores from the 3 agencies of 650, 690 and 700, the lender will use the 690 score.


What does that mean? The lending industry is always changing but typically if you have a score above 680, you are what most lenders consider a pretty good credit risk. You should be able to qualify for better rates, and you should have many lenders and loans to choose from. Between 620 and 680, you are considered to have average credit. You can get a loan pretty easily but your rates won't be as good as "A paper." Below 620 but above 580, you are what most lenders call "C paper." You are falling into the subprime category--fewer loan programs to choose from, and the lenders see you as a higher risk so they charge a higher rate of interest.


Recently, the sub-prime and prime lending markets have really tightened up, because many of the subprime loans written under the lax lending standards of the last few years have gone into foreclosure. Because of this, there has been a shift away from sub-prime and back towards safer government loans such as FHA and VA for people with credit issues. These offer fairly competitive rates and can be good for people with credit challenges.


In my next post, I will talk about how to improve your credit, and how long it takes for changes you make now to take effect.

Lease Option Purchases

One of the conversations that I always find difficult in my job is when a person comes to me wanting to buy, but is unable to because of credit issues. It's frustrating because I can really sympathize with people who are in this position, but unfortunately, I can't give them a lot of good alternatives to solving the problem. The reality is that it takes time to establish a poor credit history, and it takes time to turn things around. But people are always hoping that there is some quick-fix or a secret way to improve their credit, or some way that they can buy a home without having credit history be an issue.

Keep in mind that having poor credit doesn't always mean that a person is totally irresponsible. Sometimes it does, but there are a lot of other reasons why a person can have a low credit score. So, when I am having this conversation, I don't judge and focus mainly on what to work on going forward so that the client can achieve their goal of buying a home.

One of the things that comes up with some frequency is the idea of a lease option purchase. The client may have seen TV commercials or signs up by the road saying things like "Bad or no credit? Let me help you Lease to Own."

Folks with credit issues will ask me if I think this is a good alternative for them. Unfortunately, I have the unenviable task of saying no, given what I know about these kinds of deals.

Why? Well, typically on a lease option purchase you are putting a buyer with credit problems together with a seller who has an overpriced or otherwise unmarketable property. Think about it--if the seller could unload the property today, rather than a year or two from now, why would he choose this route? And if the buyer could buy today, why would they choose go this route either?

While sometimes it can work out, more often it is a recipe for disaster.

Let's look at the seller's side first. Most sellers will only consider doing a lease option if they are unable to sell in a normal-financing transaction. And why would that happen? Because the seller did not price his property at a level where there is market demand--in other words, it's overpriced.

That's one scenario. Another involves a seller who doesn't even try to sell his property in a normally financed transaction. This is the serial lease-option seller, and he is basically hoping that your lease-option purchase falls apart. Here's why.

In a lease-option, the buyer pays an earnest money deposit just like if they were going to buy the property outright. This is usually between $5,000 and $10,000 depending on the purchase amount. This is non-refundable, as compared to the deposit amount on a normal lease, most of which is refundable.

So, the buyer hands over his earnest money, and then pays rent for a year or two while trying to clean up his credit.

If all goes well, at the end of the lease period the buyer gets a loan and buys the home. But very often, this doesn't happen. Frequently, the credit problems are bad enough or the bad credit behavior is ingrained enough, that the buyers are not able to get their credit cleaned up enough in the period of the lease to qualify for a loan they can afford. Or, perhaps the buyer discovers there is a problem with the home and decides not to buy it. If this happens, at the end of the lease the buyer may have to walk away from the transaction. That means they also walk away from their deposit.

At this point, the seller may do another lease option, and collect another deposit from another buyer.

The serial lease option seller can put his property on the market over and over again, collecting $10,000 from each buyer, in addition to rent money. The property is making him money whether the individual buyer is able to close or not.

Sellers can lose out with a lease-option too. Sometimes the buyer decides to back away from a lease-option purchase for other reasons besides credit. If the market happens to be weak at the end of the lease period, the seller may have to put the property back on the market at a lower price. But, if this is the case, at least he has the earnest money amount from the first buyer.

Now, I'm not saying that there is never a time when a lease-option couldn't be the right course of action, and I'm not saying that every one of these transactions fails. What I am saying is that both the buyer and the seller need to control their risk by having their eyes wide open about what they are getting into.

And for buyers with credit issues, the truth is that the best way to resolve those problems and be able to buy a home of your own is to find out what factors are affecting your score negatively, and resolve those issues. This approach takes time, but it is the best and safest way to go.